100 Years in Pictures

Kent H. SmithThe issues facing 21st-century Clevelanders—educational and economic opportunity, neighborhood and cultural vitality, and strong health and human services—are much the same as those with which earlier generations wrestled.Euclid Avenue, looking east, c. 1910A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision righted the injustice experienced by Clarence Earl Gideon, a drifter who was convicted of felony theft because he could not afford an attorney and had defended himself at trial.The Dolan Center for Science and Technology at John Carroll University incorporated green building materials and smart energy and water systems.Cleveland Museum of ArtInauguration ceremony of the 1975 World Conference of the International Women’s Year, Mexico CityDr. King speaking in Rockefeller Park on a visit to Cleveland in 1967. The previous year he had dramatized the issue of housing discrimination by moving his family into a grimy apartment on the segregated west side of Chicago and joining in protest marches into that city’s all-white neighborhoods.Cleveland OrchestraTreu-Mart FundTri-C groundbreaking, 1966F. James and Rita Rechin FundMOCA Cleveland’s faceted, mirrored, four-story art gallery anchors the Uptown development.An owner-employee of the Evergreen Laundry1957: Cleveland Museum of Natural HistoryHalprin worksheetKucinich proclaiming victory on the eve of his election as mayor in 1977The Ohio Department of Natural Resources invested more than $40 million in capital improvements to the band of green spaces renamed the Cleveland Lakefront State Park. Michael D. White won voter support for “mayoral control” of the Cleveland public schools.Cleveland’s well-financed and -run network of community development organizations targeted this crumbling but historic eight-unit rowhouse in the Central neighborhood for rehabilitation.Contaminants flowing into Lake Erie, 1965Tri-C’s early use of computers as a teaching aid, c. 19801968: Holden ArboretumEllwood H. FisherThe original Free Clinic, a drug treatment center on Cornell RoadMAGNET incubator graduate, DXY Solutions, makes components and software for mobile devices.Dancer/choreographer Kapila Palihawadana of Sri Lanka, 2012 artist in residence with the Inlet Dance Theatre, conducts a master dance class at the Beck Center for the Performing Arts.Members of the African-American Philanthropy Committee: Reverend Elmo A. Bean, Doris A. Evans, M.D., David G. Hill, Lillian W. BurkeCleveland mayor Ralph S. LocherThe reversal of downtown Cleveland’s stagnation, symbolized by the redevelopment of the Terminal Tower, is a 60-year-old work in progress in which the foundation has been steadily engaged.Great Lakes Science CenterA burning desire to be an attorney animated Goff as a young man. St. Joseph's Orphanage for Girls on Woodland AvenueIvan Lecaros (right), a master printmaker from Chile, puts the final touches on a drawing for a silkscreen print during his 2012 residency at Zygote Press.2005: ideastream2000: Cleveland Zoological SocietyGreen City Growers supplies Bibb lettuce, green leaf lettuce, gourmet lettuces and basil to institutional and commercial customers.Ohio governor John Kasich at the signing of House Bill 525, legislation enabling education reform, in June 20122000: Therapeutic Riding CenterStokes and his wife, Shirley, on election day, 1968 The Peter B. Lewis Building, designed by Frank Gehry, is the home of Case Western Reserve University’s Weatherhead School of Management.Cleveland BalletRaymond Q. ArmingtonBarbecue restaurant owner Al (Bubba) Baker received a microloan that enabled the former Browns football player to begin local distribution of his proprietary de-boned baby-back ribs.John J. DwyerVice President Hubert H. Humphrey showed his support for Stokes’s Cleveland: NOW! initiative on a visit to the city in 1968.1982: The TempleThe Frederick C. Crawford Auto Aviation Collection at the Western Reserve Historical SocietyGordon Park in its heydayFostering economic opportunity via college scholarships: Garment workers at Joseph & Feiss Company, makers of the $15 blue serge suitMalcolm L. McBrideGrand opening of the Outhwaite Homes, 19371996: Old Stone ChurchCleveland Institute of MusicFamed urban planner Lawrence Halprin (right) presented his ideas for downtown Cleveland’s redevelopment at a public forum in 1975 attended by Cleveland mayor Ralph J. Perk (center) and May Company department store president Francis Coy (left).MAGNET consultants helped Nextant Aerospace of Richmond Heights, Ohio, apply lean principles to its specialty business of remanufacturing corporate jets for an under-$5 million market. LAND Studio’s proposed redesign of Public SquareR. M. Fischer’s Sports StacksRalph J. Perk lends a hand to the theater restoration project, which began during his tenure as Cleveland mayor. Green City Growers Cooperative’s 3.25-acre hydroponic greenhouse in the Central neighborhood opened in 2013. 2010: Case Western Reserve UniversityFlotsam despoiling the beach at Gordon ParkOn December 15, 1978, Cleveland City Council considered and rejected Mayor Kucinich’s 11th-hour plan to avoid default.Karamu HouseLinking city kids to life-enriching programs: Duffy Liturgical Dance teaches children to perform and thus preserve songs and dances created by African slaves in America.The Great Lakes Science Center’s wind turbineGroundWorks Dance TheaterGoff did not believe that philanthropy should be the exclusive province of wealthy individuals such as Standard Oil Company founder John D. Rockefeller, a client of Goff’s former law firm.J. Kimball JohnsonNancy Dwyer’s Who’s on First? benchA new generation of Circle fansRobert E. Eckardt, Ph.D.Commencement at Tri-C, 19751991: Hathaway Brown School1982: Cleveland Institute of ArtCleveland Public ArtApollo’s FireHomer C. WadsworthAlbert Sabin (left) developed the oral vaccine given to Cleveland children.Aretha Franklin at the Tri-C JazzFestGraduation day at Cleveland Early College High School, 2012Cool Cleveland editor and publisher Tom MulreadyCatharine Monroe Lewis1986: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and MuseumOn his way to building Cleveland Trust into America’s sixth largest bank, Goff occasionally took time out to indulge his passion for fishing.Anisfield-Wolf Book AwardsFrances Southworth, Goff’s bride and intellectual partnerUptown, the Circle’s exciting, new high-density neighborhood, has all the amenities associated with urban living.A satellite photograph of Lake Erie, downtown Cleveland and the Cuyahoga River valley: The foundation has learned to take the long view in helping the community craft fresh responses to persistent urban problems.First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (third from left) at the 1937 dedication of Lakeview Terrace, the nation’s first public housingFirst grants to advance serious medical research in an era still plagued with quackery: The Cunningham Sanitarium, located at East 185th Street and Lake Shore Boulevard, c. 1928. The sanitarium offered patients access to the world’s largest hyperbaric chamber, but its claims for the benefits of oxygen therapy proved specious.A greasy-spoon diner and flophouse at Payne and Walnut Avenues downtown, c. 1968—emblems of the City of Cleveland’s intensifying financial distress Cleveland City Hospital’s “iron lung” respirator, used for treating polio patients whose paralyzed muscles cause breathing difficulties, 1933The foundation’s vision of creating a wind farm in Lake Erie is moving closer to reality.MOCA ClevelandMort Epstein’s Pop Art-inspired electrical outlet, a CAAC-commissioned mural, graced the Union building on Euclid Avenue.Singing Angels1968: Karamu HouseLake-Geauga FundSupport for humanitarian aid to the unemployed: Stone carvers responsible for the iconic pylons of the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, a rare Depression-era construction project completed in 1932 with bond funds approved before the stock market crash2004: Cleveland Museum of ArtHalprin’s impressionist sketch of Cleveland’s “Flats,” which he praised as a “tremendous resource.” The March on Washington, August 28, 1963, at which Martin Luther King Jr. called upon the nation to make good on democracy’s promise of social and economic freedom for all citizens Richard W. Pogue1956: Cleveland Institute of ArtThe State TheatrePlanning model of Cleveland, c. 19601986: Cain ParkArtist’s conception of the new Regional Transit Authority station planned for Mayfield Road in Little ItalyThe formal entrance to the Judson Park retirement community, an independent living facility erected in 1974 next to the traditional nursing home established by the Baptist Home of Ohio in the former Bicknell mansion on Cleveland’s east sideCarl W. Brand1975: Kenneth C. Beck Center for the Cultural Arts2001: Cleveland Botanical GardenManchester Bidwell, the Pittsburgh model on which NewBridge is based, has instilled a love of learning in teens who previously did not fare well in school.2006: Cleveland Clinic FoundationJacqueline F. WoodsSPACESJames D. WilliamsonBarack Obama campaigns at Tri-C, 2007Wade Lagoon, the tranquil heart of Cleveland’s cultural hub Steven A. MinterCommunityFoundationAtlas.org websiteDetroit ShorewayCharles A. RatnerUniversity Circle’s cultural institutions have long been renowned for their enriching educational activities.The grand opening of The Avenue at Tower City, 1990George and Janet VoinovichTom L. Johnson, a reformer who served as Cleveland’s mayor from 1901 to 1909, helped to shape the city’s progressive climate. Participants in Parade the Circle, an annual celebration of creativity Neighbors who have come together to work on improvement of their neighborhood1998: Cuyahoga Valley Scenic RailroadChester Avenue demarks the northern border of the MidTown Corridor.Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin CollegeJames R. Garfield1976: Cleveland Play HouseGlenville High School students, 1914A new company that makes and installs solar-panel arrays has been created with foundation support.Goff wisely decided that an independent citizen’s committee should determine how a community foundation’s income should be distributed, rather than the directors of the foundation’s trustee bank. 1996: Dunham Tavern MuseumSherwick Fund1961: Benjamin Rose InstituteNew Gallery co-founders Marjorie Talalay (left) and Nina Castelli SundellLeyton E. CarterMayor Dennis Kucinich’s ceremonial presentation of a post-default debt paymentMAGNET incubator tenant Tom Lix, the founder and CEO of Cleveland Whiskey, which has developed a proprietary process for accelerating the aging of distilled liquorsFred S. McConnellMaster planner I. M. Pei (right), Cleveland’s urban renewal director James Lister (center) and chief architect Jack Hayes at the Erieview Tower construction site, 1954 Evergreen Energy Solution’s photovoltaic panelsWade Oval Wednesdays, summertime’s popular outdoor music series1976: Sokol HallThe Cleveland Housing Network assisted the Mt. Pleasant Now nonprofit development corporation with the construction of the Union Court senior apartments.Global Cleveland’s welcome center2013: Friends of the Cleveland School of the Arts1981: Convention and Visitors Bureau of Greater ClevelandAdvocating greater reliance on clean energy: a wind farm in northwestern Ohio2007: Great Lakes Theater FestivalCleveland, Ohio, the birthplace of an entirely new concept of philanthropyStokes with his brother Louis (left)Progressive Field at GatewayCharles P. BoltonH. Stuart HarrisonThe restored Hungarian Cultural GardenJohn L. McChordAndrew Carnegie, the “king of steel,” created a private foundation to carry out his philanthropic activities. Goff invented a simpler, more affordable mechanism to serve the charitable impulses of caring individuals of all means.Tri-C JazzFest, 1993Cleveland Film SocietyEntrepreneurship: Wood Trac, an affordable, drop-ceiling system developed and marketed by Sauder Woodworking, a family-owned business in Ashland, OhioSophisticated life support equipment in an air ambulance made by Nextant Aerospace, Ohio’s only aircraft manufacturer and a MAGNET clientPresbyterian minister Bruce W. Klunder died while protesting the construction of three public elementary schools that Cleveland’s civil rights community believed would perpetuate a system of segregated and inferior education for African-American students.Playhouse Square, c. 1969Ronald B. RichardOhio CityAddressing the changing socioeconomic needs of the African-American community: 20th anniversary convening of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, hosted by Cleveland in 1929Sustaining the excellence of the region’s cultural assets: a summer solstice party at the Cleveland Museum of ArtThe bulldozer operator accidentally backed over Rev. Klunder in order to avoid hurting the protestors lying in front of him.The 2011 renovation of the Allen Theatre's main auditorium2004: The Gathering PlaceThe East Central Townhomes, after a $1.2 million renovation by Burten, Bell and Carr Development CorporationKatharine Holden Thayer by Cindy NaegeleTo date, 100 percent of the student body at the School of Science and Medicine goes on to college.Cleveland’s busy riverfront, south of the Superior ViaductArchitectural drawing of the Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority's Lakeview Tower, a senior high-rise proposed for the near west side in 19711964: Garden Center of Greater ClevelandThe cast of Nicholas NicklebyLakeview TerraceLexington VillageFrank H. and Nancy L. Porter FundFairfaxDavid GoldbergAn examination room at the Glenville Health ClinicThe Palace, the flagship of the Keith chain of vaudeville theaters, reinvented itself as a wide-screen movie house in the 1950s.Carl B. Stokes at a town hall meeting, 1969: an historic but troubled mayoral administration L. Dale Dorney FundCarlton K. MatsonPalace Theatre lobbyMalvin E. BankInnovation: CleveMed’s wireless sleep monitorHarold T. ClarkUnder the leadership of former CEO Baiju Shah, BioEnterprise created, recruited or helped to grow more than 170 local biotechnology companies.Although the foundation’s trailblazing was a faded tradition by 1955, when this picture of the trustee bank presidents holding a replica of the foundation’s logo was snapped, its stature as the world’s first community trust remained a source of pride.The Cleveland Foundation emerged from the crucible of the 1960s a stronger leader and more strategic grantmaker.Cleveland Institute of ArtProtest demonstration at Cleveland State University, 1969: poverty rates in the central city on the riseClean water advocates, 1968Leadership of a 1933 initiative to replace squalid tenements with subsidized garden apartmentsKenneth W. Clement M.D.MAGNET’s Prism program helped Cleveland-based Vitamix keep up with demand for its high-end blenders.1959: Cleveland Institute of MusicBarbara Haas RawsonCommunityFoundationAtlas.org websiteThe Board of Education building in downtown Cleveland, longtime headquarters of the system’s central administrationJames A. NortonIn 1967, this Cleveland Heights home, owned by an African American, was bombed in a senseless and vain attempt to halt the suburb’s integration.The West 25th Street retail district in Ohio City exemplifies the objective recently adopted by Neighborhood Progress, Inc. of restoring market forces in target neighborhoods.Circle institutions have invested or are planning to invest billions in capital improvements, such as University Hospitals of Cleveland’s new Seidman Cancer Center.1984: Cleveland Department of Parks, Recreation and Properties2006: MOCA Cleveland1999: Western Reserve Historical SocietySold out! Heritage Lane townhomes, built within walking distance of the CircleHarry Coulby FundsAfter their father's untimely death, future political icons Carl (left) and Louis Stokes lived with their mother at Outhwaite Homes.Cleveland voters expressed their hopes for the success of the reform plan by approving the Issue 107 operating levy.The foundation’s 1915 public education survey resulted in sweeping reform. For decades thereafter, Cleveland’s school system was regarded as a model of excellence.27 Coltman, a luxury townhome development on the eastern boundary of University CircleTitle VIII (the “Federal Fair Housing Act”) of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, signed by President Johnson a week after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., advanced the struggle for integration taking place in Cleveland’s eastern suburbs and elsewhere across the nation.Raymond C. MoleyBelle SherwinThe NAACP-Cleveland’s fight for desegregation ultimately leads in 1973 to a federal lawsuit against the Cleveland public schools: the likelihood of court-ordering busing Cleveland OrchestraPrivately developed Beacon Place Townhomes on East 82nd Street—evidence of the return of middle-class Clevelanders to the central cityA “City Canvases” mural by graphic designer John MorellThe Cleveland Foodbank’s LEED-certified distribution centerChurch Square Commons, offering affordable apartments for adults 55 and older, is one of the Famicos Foundation’s most recent projects in Hough.Holsey Gates HandysideThe multitude of organizational nameplates on the door to the Cleveland Foundation’s offices in the 1970s testified to its rebirth as a nexus of progressive philanthropy and an incubator of social-action programs. Foundation leaders confer about how to distribute 1947 income of $614,479 to a standing list of charitable institutions and agencies. Foundation director Leyton E. Carter (third from right) is seated next to the board’s sole female member, Constance Mather Bishop. 1967: Blossom Music CenterBusiness growth: The Greater Cleveland Partnership’s business development team1985: Cleveland State UniversityBy 1929, when Cleveland laid claim to having the tallest skyscraper in the country—the Terminal Tower, evocatively captured here by famed photographer Margaret Bourke-White—the community foundation movement had spread across America.Great Lakes Theater FestivalStanley C. PaceReinhold W. Erickson, D.D.S.2002: Shaker Lakes Regional Nature CenterHarry Goldblatt, M.D.Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and MuseumJohn Sherwin Jr.The Goff home on Lake Shore Boulevard in BratenahlDispersed by police, the protesters did not succeed in halting construction, but Klunder’s martyrdom inspired the civil rights community to continue what was ultimately a victorious fight against segregation of the Cleveland public schools.Upper Chester, which abuts the Cleveland Clinic, is the next Circle neighborhood slated for redevelopment.Projects receiving recent Neighborhood Connection grants have ranged from hands-on crafts classes to the reintroduction of beekeeping. The passenger terminal at Cleveland-Hopkins Airport, c. 1956A. E. Convers Fund1994: Great Lakes Science Museum1973: Severance HallCleveland Housing Network was the lead developer of Greenbridge Commons, permanent housing for chronically homeless individuals, in the Fairfax neighborhood.An east-side Cleveland elementary school, 1963: growing frustration with what appears to be systematic segregationThe Allen Theatre, originally an opulent silent movie house, c. 1938James A. Ratner1972: Huron Road Mall2009: Cleveland Institute of ArtThe gallery's second home on Bellflower Road in University Circle2010: Hawken SchoolHough’s frustrations with its seemingly intractable problems erupted into violence during the summer of 1966.2002: Cleveland Institute of MusicCleveland Play HouseEdgewater Park under state stewardshipCleveland schools CEO Eric Gordon and Cleveland mayor Frank Jackson stumping in 2012 for the passage of the first operating levy to be placed on the ballet in 16 yearsVietnamese lutist Pham Thi Hue was Young Audiences of Northeast Ohio’s artist in residence in 2013.The RetreatSlavic VillageHunter MorrisonDancing WheelsNewBridge prepares adults for careers as health care technicians.2003: Hanna Perkins Center for Child DevelopmentAlfred M. Rankin Jr.Welcome committees were organized to greet bused students on their first day at their new crosstown schools. The Cleveland Trust Company’s neoclassical banking hall, which opened in 1908, was topped by an immense stained-glass dome.TremontDonald and Ruth GoodmanProposed townhomes for East 118th StreetCleveland Housing Network financing programs have helped low- to moderate-income families become homeowners.The foundation helped to draft and win passage of a clean energy law for Ohio.An assembly line at the Ford Motor Company plant in Brook Park, 1973: manufacturing jobs on the declineBusiness attraction: The Global Center for Health InnovationJohn SherwinFrances Southworth GoffCaptain Frank’s seafood restaurant at the end of the Ninth Street Pier once commanded downtown’s best view of Lake Erie.1997: Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland Ballet co-founder Dennis Nahat as the tsar and Nanette Glushak as the tsarina in the company’s signature holiday performance of The NutcrackerGoff in a rare moment of leisureInstitute of Pathology at Western Reserve University, as it appeared at its opening in 1929Frederick Harris Goff, humanitarian, 1858‒1923